The goal of government-to-citizen (G2C) e-governance is to offer a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship between government and citizens using technology.

Government-to-Citizen is the communication link between a government and private individuals or residents. Such G2C communication most often refers to that which takes place through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), but can also include direct mail and media campaigns. G2C can take place at the federal, state, and local levels.

There are several methods of government-to-customer e-governance. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant message directly with public administrators, and cast remote electronic votes (electronic voting) and instant opinion voting.

Transactions such as payment of services, such as utilities, can be completed online or over the phone.

Mundane services such as name or address changes, applying for services or grants, or transferring existing services are more convenient and no longer have to be completed face to face.

Government-to-employees (abbreviated G2E) is the online interactions through instantaneous communication tools between government units and their employees.

E-Governance to Employee partnership (G2E) is one of four main primary interactions in the delivery model of E-Governance. It is the relationship between online tools, sources, and articles that help employees maintain communication with the government and their own companies. E-Governance relationship with Employees allows new learning technology in one simple place as the computer. Documents can now be stored and shared with other colleagues online.

E-governance makes it possible for employees to become paperless and makes it easy for employees to send important documents back and forth to colleagues all over the world instead of having to print out these records or fax.

G2E services also include software for maintaining personal information and records of employees.

Some of the benefits of G2E expansion include:

• E-payroll – maintaining the online sources to view paychecks, pay stubs, pay bills, and keep records for tax information.
• E-benefits – be able to look up what benefits an employee is receiving and what benefits they have a right to.
• E-training – allows for new and current employees to regularly maintain the training they have through the development of new technology and to allow new employees to train and learn over new materials in one convenient location. E-learning is another way to keep employees informed on the important materials they need to know through the use of visuals, animation, videos, etc. It is usually a computer-based learning tool, although not always. It is also a way for employees to learn at their own pace (distance learning), although it can be instructor-led.
• Maintaining records of personal information – Allows the system to keep all records in one easy location to update with every single bit of information that is relevant to a personal file. Examples being social security numbers, tax information, current address, and other information.

G2E is an effective way to provide e-learning to the employees, bring them together and to promote knowledge sharing among them.

It also gives employees the possibility of accessing information in regard to compensation and benefit policies, training and learning opportunities and civil rights laws.G2E services also includes software for maintaining personnel information and records of employees.

E-government

From the start of 1990s e-commerce and e-product, there has rampant integration of e-forms of government process. Governments have now tried to use their efficiencies of their techniques to cut down on waste. E-government is a fairly broad subject matter, but all relate to how the services and representation are now delivered and how they are now being implemented.

Many governments around the world have gradually turned to Information technologies (IT) in an effort to keep up with today’s demands. Historically, many governments in this sphere have only been reactive but up until recently there has been a more proactive approach in developing comparable services such things as e-commerce and e-business.

The Purpose

The purpose to include e-governance to government is to means more efficient in various aspects. Whether it means to reduce cost by reducing paper clutter, staffing cost, or communicating with private citizens or public government. E-government brings many advantages into play such as facilitating information delivery, application process/renewal between both business and private citizen, and participation with constituency. There are both internal and external advantages to the emergence of IT in government.

In theory, there are currently 4 major levels of E-government in municipal governments:

• the establishment of a secure and cooperative interaction among governmental agencies;
• Web-based service delivery;
• the application of e-commerce for more efficient government transactions activities,;
• and digital democracy.

These, along with 5 degrees of technical integration and interaction of users include:

• simple information dissemination (one-way communication);
• two- way communication (request and response);
• service and financial transactions;
• integration (horizontal and vertical integration);
• political participation

Overview

Government-to-Government (abbreviated G2G) is the online non-commercial interaction between Government

organizations, departments, and authorities and other Government organizations, departments, and authorities.

G2G systems generally come in one of two types:

1. Internal facing – joining up a single Governments departments, agencies, organizations and authorities – examples include the integration aspect of the Government Gateway.
2. External facing – joining up multiple Governments IS systems.

Objective

The strategic objective of e-governance, or in this case G2G is to support and simplify governance for government, citizens and businesses. The use of ICT can connect all parties and support processes and activities. Other objectives are to make government administration more transparent, speedy and accountable, while addressing the society’s needs and expectations through efficient public services and effective interaction between the people, businesses and government.

Delivery model

Within every of those interaction domains, four sorts of activities take place:

Pushing data over the internet, e.g.: regulative services, general holidays, public hearing schedules, issue briefs, notifications, etc. two-way communications between one governmental department and another, users will interact in dialogue with agencies and post issues, comments, or requests to the agency. Conducting transactions, e.g.: Lodging tax returns, applying for services and grants. Governance, e.g.: To alter the national transition from passive info access to individual participation by:

• Informing the individual
• Representing an individual
• Consulting an individual
• Involving the individual

Government-to-Business (G2B) is the online non-commercial interaction between local and central government and the commercial business sector with the purpose of providing businesses information and advice on e-business ‘best practices’.

G2B: Refers to the conduction through the Internet between government agencies and trading companies.

B2G: Professional transactions between the company and the district, city, or federal regulatory agencies. B2G usually include recommendations to complete the measurement and evaluation of books and contracts.

Objective

The objective of G2B is to reduce difficulties for business, provide immediate information and enable digital communication by e-business. In addition, the government should re-use the data in the report proper, and take advantage of commercial electronic transaction protocol.

Government services are concentrated to the following groups: human services; community services; judicial services; transport services; land resources; business services; financial services and other.

Each of the components listed above for each cluster of related services to the enterprise.

Benefits for Business

E-government reduces costs and lowers the barrier of allowing companies to interact with the government. The interaction between the government and businesses reduces the time required for businesses to conduct a transaction. For instance, there is no need to commute to a government agency’s office, and transactions may be conducted online instantly with the click of a mouse. This significantly reduces transaction time for the government and businesses alike.

E-Government provides a greater amount of information that business needed, also it makes those information more clear. A key factor in business success is the ability to plan for the future. Planning and forecasting through data-driven future. The government collected a lot of economic, demographic and other trends in the data. This makes the data more accessible to companies which may increase the chance of economic prosperity.

In addition, E-Government can help businesses navigate through government regulations by providing an intuitive site organization with a wealth of useful applications.

Examples:

e-Tender Box (ETB) system

e-Procurement Programme

Finance and support for your business

Government to business key points:

Reduce the burden on business by adopting a process that enables collecting data once for multiple uses and streamlining redundant data.

Key lines of business: regulations, economic development, trade, permits/licenses, grants/loans, and asset management.